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Sunday, September 5, 2010

Turkish Political Life After 1923

1. 1923–1946: Single-party period The history of Modern Turkey begins with the foundation of the republic on October 29, 1923. Mustafa Kemal ATATURK was the first president of the Republic of Turkey. The second constitution was ratified by the Grand National Assembly on April 20, 1924. In first ten years of the republic, there were a lot of reforms led by ATATURK in the process of secular westernization, such as unification of education; the discontinuation...

EUROPE AFTER 1815

I. EUROPE AFTER 1815 Following Napoleons defeat in 1815, the victorious European powers redrew borders of Europe in such a fashion as to restore political stability. The Great Powers succeeded in establishing a peace that lasted for almost a century. A. The Congress of Vienna   Prince of Austria Klemens von Metternich, Britains Viscount Castlereagh, Frances Maurice de Talleyrand, Russias Tsar Alexander I, and Prussias King Frederick William...