Women Rights In Turkey

In its less visible, more subtle forms, gender-based violence threatens the physical and emotional integrity of millions of women living in Turkey, and billions globally

TURKISH - CHINESE RELATIONS SINCE 1971 AND THE EAST TURKISTAN ISSUE

Turkish and Chinese people have historical relations since the periods of the Hun Empire and Göktürks. These relationships are driven, sometimes friendly and sometimes went to war in the history

Wednesday, April 27, 2011

The Second Tripartite Balkan Summit


The Second Tripartite Summit between Turkey, Bosnia and Herzegovina and Serbia has been launched with the participation of President Gül, President Tadic of Serbia and the Bosnia-Herzegovina Presidential Council Chairman, Radmanovic.


President Gül, during the joint press conference after the Second Turkey-Bosnia-Herzegovina-Serbia Tripartite Balkan Summit, accentuated the cruciality of enacting the necessary reforms in the region, evincing: “Our common aim is to turn this region where antagonism once dominated into an area of solidarity and robust collaboration.” 

The second Tripartite Balkan Summit that President Abdullah Gül, President Boris Tadic of Serbia and the Bosnia-Herzegovina Presidential Council Chairman, Nebojsa Radmanovic attended, has ended. President Gül, during the joint press conference, said their trilateral talk became quite fruitful and shared his happiness with the fact that the other two members of the Presidential Council of Bosnia and Herzegovina had attended the summit as well.

“All our wish is to brace the cooperation and solidarity between the three Balkan countries, help resolve the current problems and respect each other’s sovereignty and territorial integrity without intervening in one another’s internal affairs,” noted the President, underscoring the very importance they attach to the stability and prosperity in the region.

Tuesday, April 19, 2011

Finland’s anti-euro party causes election upset


Finland’s pro-Europe National Coalition led by Finance Minister Jyrki Katainen has won Finland’s general election but is set to form a government with the country’s anti-euro bloc.

The unlikely pairing, which is considered a major political upset, also bodes ill for Portugal’s bailout package as the euro-sceptics have threatened to oppose its rescue plan.

The True Finns, whose leader Timo Soini made major gains based on criticising Europe’s crisis managing strategy, came in third but only one percentage point behind the winners. 

The main opposition Social Democrats came in second.

Sunday, April 17, 2011

Critical Analysis of the Democratic Peace Theory


The terms of democracy and peace seems like very close to each other. People can see these words together most of times, in globalizing world, today. Does democracy promote peace? Is it rhetoric or the reality?


Immanuel Kant
   According to democratic peace theory, democracy promotes peace. As scholars such as Michael Doyle, Rudolph Rummel, and Bruce Russett have argued that liberal democracies are unique in that they are able to establish peaceful relations among themselves. Actually, the roots of democratic peace theory are based on Immanuel Kant. People can see the signs of the democratic peace theory in Kant`s essay `Perpetual Peace` which is written in 1795. In the reference of Perpetual Peace Theory, a majority of the people would never vote to go to war, unless in self-defense. Therefore, if all nations were republics, it would end war, because there would be no aggressors. So, the democratic peace theory`s basic thesis is that democracies rarely or never fight. In the study of Liberalism and World Politics, Michael W. Doyle brought renewed attention to this Kantian idea of democratic peace, he claims that democracies tend not go to war each other. Especially, after the collapse of Soviet Union and the end of cold war, democracy tends to spread all over the world. Because of this reason, international relations studies focus on this issue in the beginning of the 1990s. One of these studies belong Francis Fukuyama. In his work, End of History stated that liberal democracy had no serious ideological rival and hence it was the end point of mankind`s ideological evolution and final form of human government. So, if we do not have ideological division and if we have all democracy, we can live in peace. 

       However, when we look at the political and economic realities of our day, we can see some wars for national interest under the name of promoting democracy and peace. Some countries represent themselves as arsenals of democracy. In most of the leaders` speech, we can see the reason of wars as bringing peace to authoritarian regimes. Does peace come from war? In addition to this, as Richard Cobden states that most wars were fought by states to achieve their mercantilist goals. And we can see this especially in the World War I and World War II. National interests of states run over the democratic peace theory in our world.

Thursday, April 14, 2011

The Role of the Economics in the Discourse of Stability



Security and balance of power are the most mentioned terms in the most of international relations disciplines. This shows the importance of security and balance of power in most of people`s world view. For instance, securization theory was developed by Buzan and Waever and explores the constructivist dimension of security. In addition to this, realists put the security dilemma discussion and balance of power system. For some theorists like Hans Morgenthau, balance of power promotes the stability, of course within the perspectives of security. Moreover, they do not focus on the economics in the discourse of stability.

 However, the role of the economics in the discourse of stability is very important. As Richard Cobden states that most wars were fought by states to achieve their mercantilist goals. So, the economic interdependence is important for promoting stability and international peace. Political instability has arisen out of economic instability. We saw this a few years ago in Argentina where governments were crumbling as soon as they were formed because of the economic instability.

We can understand the role of economics when we compare the post-World War I and II eras. After the post-World War I, we see the war reparations. These war reparations caused economic crisis in the world, but especially on the loser of the WWI, These economic crisis caused the civil unrest. And then we see the rise of dictators like Adolph Hitler and fascism to cause the inevitable war which is World War II.

However, when we look at the post-World War II era, we see different approach. After WWII, there is a huge economic investment to rebuild the loser, especially by the USA through the Marshall Plan. Thus, the economic recovery started, especially in the Europe. Social stability is promoted and this led to advent of liberal democracy and sustained peace is promoted by establishing the European Coal and Steel Community between France, Germany and Benelux which was the first organization to be based on the principles of supranationalism. And it was the forerunner of the European Union. As a result of this, the wars ended in Europe through promoting economic stability first, then political stability. 

Consequently, when we look at the European History, we see the wars and conflicts (such as Alsace-Lorraine) between France and Germany. However, with the establishing the ECSC, the wars ended in Europe in the Cold War Era. So, we see importance of the role of economy in discourse of stability. After the post-WWI, there is a failed approach which was the war reparations for the losers and it led to the WWII. Furthermore, the economic investment for the losers, promoted peace and stability after the post-WWII.
Maybe, the problems in the today`s Rwanda and Afghanistan could be solved through the economic stability.

İsa Burak GONCA

Friday, April 8, 2011

Greek student studying in Turkey writes letter back to Greece


Letter to my Home Country; 

I haven’t really missed you at all.

During the last 2 years, I have been studying and living in Turkey. It is a country with several strengths but also quite a few weaknesses. Nevertheless, it is a place with a Vision and a Serious Outlook, in brief “everyone works hard and tries to get ahead”.  

Vision a word that has sunk so low in our country. A quaint term heard at each and every political rally, that simply falls to the ground, only to be swept up by the next cleaner, along with all the small pieces of paper from the vote-seeking frenzy and mass delirium that characterize such events…  What I mean by the word Vision, is how we see ourselves in the future or, more simply put, how we wish to “order” our tomorrow.

By the term Serious Outlook I am not referring to the arrogance or bravado of some Greek politicians, when it comes to international events or when on TV. A serious outlook refers to our perception of a Vision, of the work and the resources required to achieve it or, in other words, to what my Maths teacher and High School Director used to say: “I am, I have, I want”.

I shall try, although it is hard, not to succumb to the temptation of complaining, which can be so galling; instead, I will attempt to describe my present experience –to the “others” mainly, from the University world, and prove why I simply will not come back. The conclusions and narration are my own, and therefore not objective; they are not the outcome of scientific research, but simply the presentation of a viewpoint, of a student who set foot in our neighbouring country two years ago, and continues to reside there, i.e. my own viewpoint.

This is how it all started. Our neighbours from Turkey presented me with a combined Scholarship in 2009. To be specific, the whole process was initiated by the Rotary Clubs of Turkey, which in conjunction with Yeditepe University, and for the purpose of promoting Greek-Turkish friendship and understanding (through the most effective medium, which is none other than Scholarships), and following a competition and the submission of applications, chose me as an Ambassador of Good Will to study in their country. Initially, I do not hesitate to say, due to a certain prejudice related to the inferiority complex that seems to abound in small countries such as ours ... I was reserved, but nevertheless quickly realized how different things were, how much this scholarship benefitted me and what a great honour it was to receive it.

Come back to what? To the dark hallways that are reminiscent of post-war Europe

To those strange guys selling their ideological waresitting around their Party Tables. To the Fidels and Zapatistas of the Greek University, that build up the doors to Entrepreneurship Offices (in the case of the University of Patras) or to the neo-Nazis from various groups, that seem to have every right to interrupt lectures and come … and go, reap, “rape” and do whatever comes to mind. What is there to envy out of all of this?   

The university I attend (Yeditepe Üniversitesi) is a Private institution; yes, our friends the Turks have them also; yes, these establishments that are such a threat to the glorious public (Soviet-type) Greek university …  It is an efficient private body, that Respects itself, but most of all, its Students. For the first time, I felt I “counted for something” and for the first time also, I had a lot of “homework”. And yes, I liked it! I was becoming a better student, I was suddenly motivated, something that I never felt in Greece unfortunately. Indicatively, I would like to mention that the professors constantly urge us to take part and become active members of non-governmental organizations (NGOs), and sometimes this is even a precondition in order to “pass” a course.   

Political factions are another Greek patent; there are none here, because they are simply not needed. Any complaints from students are taken seriously by the administration department of each faculty, and are resolved within a week, when they concern serious matters. There are of course, however, Clubs organized BY the University FOR the University, ranging from clubs on philosophy, amateur photography, scuba diving – extreme sports, dance, to Science Fiction clubs, and whatever else you can imagine; and yes, I like these “factions” very much, and they are also generously funded by the University.    

I will not make any specific mention of the facilities, since it is quality that matters not appearance; just to say that they can be compared to those of a 5-star hotel

In addition, Career Days are also organized within the university, indeed! Career Days, where companies come and talk and yes, why not, “Recruit” students! Sounds like a science fiction film, in the case of our country … The university has also applied the Credit system, which means that any courses Ipasshere, are recognized almost everywhere in the world but of course not in our country, whose degree by the way, was fully recognized by the Turkish government within 2 months.   

You might ask however, is all this happening because Yeditepe is a private university? The answer is NO, since I have also visited State Universities, thanks to my friends from Turkey and America, in fact! My American friends are students there and I have attended various lectures. To put it briefly, there is a Serious Outlook. The objectives of the University are clearly defined, and everyone there is performing their vocation, with a Surplus (in the case of private but also some public educational institutions) or Balanced (mainly as regards public educational institutions) Budget. In order not to be misunderstood, there are of course shortcomings and disadvantages; I am not trying to paint some sort of idyllic picture. However, what I want to point out is their Serious Outlook and Vision, as regards the way they deal with these problems, which is something that is missing in Greece.   

Turkey is an open, extroverted country. Yes! Open. Open to foreign students, open to ideas that will help it progress. Open to tourists, since Greeks can visit it only by presenting their ID, in contrast to the Turks who, when visiting our country, are asked to present everything but their …… Certificate of Social Beliefs -and that is questionable also. Open to investments and to entrepreneurship. Companies here are not seen as something evil; their owners-shareholders are well-respected, since they produce wealth instead of spreading misery. There are indeed problems and asymmetries, and clearly Turkey can prove to be a difficult place to live in, but there are opportunities nonetheless. There is great development and morale is high. And that is more than enough for me. Need I say more? 

Germenis Panagis 

Master in Political Science, Yeditepe Üniversitesi- Turkiye